Pirates Return: World Figures Confused
Background for people who don't read international news:
Piracy (actual sea piracy, where pirates hijack ships) of the coast of Somalia has skyrocketed in the last year, and shipping companies and world governments are struggling to figure out what to do about it.
Assessment of the situation:
I'm really seriously amused by all of this. People are so used to thinking in terms of the fantasy of the perfect Nation-State system (the idea that the whole world is divided up into governments ["states"] that rightfully represent specific groups of people ["nations"]), that a lot of people are coming up completely baffled by this piracy crisis.
This wouldn't happen if Somalia was a real nation state - the issue is that it isn't. Since 1991, no government has controlled more than like half of Somalia, and the currently internationally recognized government of Somalia (the one that's in the U.N. and the African Union and that has embassies in other countries) barely has control over any land or people at all (despite having a relatively good couple years where they actually sort of control Mogadishu, the "capital" of Somalia). In other words, Somalia is divided up by a bunch of unofficial, improvised, weak - and for all intents and purposes, completely independent and autonomous - states, overlapping with what in most places is effectively anarchy.
If people in the outside world accepted this, and built their expectations from the ground up based on reality, then at least this surge of piracy would be easy to understand. But it seems that the majority of outsiders don't understand the situation. They can't imagine a world where one of the "countries" is not controlled by a sovereign nation-state - so they imagine that it is. The U.N., the A.U., and most countries recognize the powerless "Transitional Federal Government" as the sovereign government of Somalia, and pretend that it actually controls the territory that it claims. Journalists believe them, and are forced to call the ramshackled independent governments and warlord kingdoms "semi-autonomous regions", as if they're required to answer to some higher authority, no differently than Scotland in the U.K., or Indian Reservations in the U.S.; and when they refer to the official government, they compromise and call it "weak", because they can't bear to imagine that it's actually completely powerless within most parts of Somalia.
I read a relatively good news report on the situation recently, which actually pointed out the confusion, and seemed to partly understand it. It had this quote, which I thought was a pretty good illustration of the political situation:
In New York, the U.N. Security Council voted unanimously to authorize its sanctions committee to recommend people and entities who would be subject to an asset freeze and travel ban, measures that may be aimed at local officials suspected of aiding the pirates. But it was unclear how that could affect the pirates, who live off cash ransoms dropped in burlap sacks from helicopters or in waterproof suitcases loaded onto skiffs.
The idea is that the pirates are able to do what they do because there's no one stopping them on the shore. This has become the biggest industry in Somalia, with unofficial local governments not strong enough to do anything, and usually not interested. If the rest of the world wants to do something about it, they're going to have to pull their heads out of the clouds and realize that the situation on the ground is not a nation-state, but anarchy. No one can stop the pirates just by asking, "Why isn't the government doing anything?" Other governments are either going to have to take control themselves by force, or give some recognition and support to the unofficial organizations that want to be the new governments of their respective pieces of Somalia.
Value judgment:
All that said, I'm not sure I think of this "crisis" as all bad. It definitely sucks for people to be held hostage (most of the pirates' money comes from ransoms) - and that's something that I take very seriously because of personal experience having a family member held hostage - but other than that, if it can wake people up to reality, if it can bring support and recognition to the more viable regional governments in Somalia, if it helps disadvantaged and ignored people to assert themselves on the world stage; then maybe it's more of a good thing than a bad thing.
-Evan
